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GIS-based numerical simulation of Amamioshima debris flow in Japan

Jian WU, Guangqi CHEN, Lu ZHENG, Yingbin ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 206-214 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0198-6

摘要： Debris flow is a rapid flow which could lead to severe flooding with catastrophic consequences such as damage to properties and loss of human lives. It is important to study the movement of debris flow. Since during a debris flow process, the erosion and deposition processes are important, the no entrainment assumption is not acceptable. In this study, first we considered the debris flow as equivalent fluid and adopted the depth-averaged govern equations to simulate the movements and evolution of river bed. Secondly, the set of partial differential equations was solved numerically by means of explicit staggered leap-frog scheme that is accurate in space and time. The grid of difference scheme was derived from GIS raster data. Then the simulation results can be displayed by GIS and easily used to form the hazard maps. Finally, the numerical model coupled with GIS is applied to simulate the debris flow occurred on Oct. 20th, 2010, in Amamioshima City, Japan. The simulation reproduces the movement, erosion and deposition. The results are shown to be consistent with the field investigation.

关键词： debris flow numerical simulation GIS movement erosion deposition

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Windborne debris damage prediction analysis

Fangfang SONG, Jinping OU,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 326-330 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0067-5

摘要： Windborne debris is one of the most important causes of the envelop destruction according to the post-damage investigations. The problem of windborne debris damage could be summarized as three parts, including windborne debris risk analysis, debris flying trajectories, and impact resistance of envelope analysis. The method of debris distribution is developed. The flying trajectories of compact and plate-like debris are solved by using a numerical method according to the different aerodynamic characteristics. The impact resistance of the envelopes is also analyzed. Besides, the process of windborne debris damage analysis is described in detail. An example of industrial building is given to demonstrate the whole method by using the observed data of typhoon Chanchu (2006). The method developed in this paper could be applied to risk assessment of windborne debris for structures in wind hazard.

关键词： typhoon windborne debris structural envelopes damage estimation

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跨学科的地质灾害预警工程

姚学祥,徐晶

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第6期页码 9-14

摘要：

滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害受多种因素的影响，地质灾害预报警报工程体系的建立需要多部门、多学科的合作。2003年6月1日中国气象局和国土资源部联合启动了全国地质灾害气象预警业务，取得了很好的社会和经济效益。分析了我国滑坡泥石流等地质灾害的时空分布特点及其与降雨等多因素、多学科的关系。介绍了国家级地质灾害预报警报业务系统的有关技术，并分析了存在的问题，结合国内外的技术发展现状和趋势，提出了从地球系统5大圈层相互作用的角度研究地质灾害，建立多学科多部门合作的地质灾害监测、预报、警报和防治体系等建议。

关键词：地质灾害泥石流滑坡预警工程

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Analysis of molten metal spreading and solidification behaviors utilizing moving particle full-implicit method

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 959-973 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0753-0

摘要： To retrieve the fuel debris in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants (1F), it is essential to infer the fuel debris distribution. In particular, the molten metal spreading behavior is one of the vital phenomena in nuclear severe accidents because it determines the initial condition for further accident scenarios such as molten core concrete interaction (MCCI). In this study, the fundamental molten metal spreading experiments were performed with different outlet diameters and sample amounts to investigate the effect of the outlet for spreading-solidification behavior. In the numerical analysis, the moving particle full-implicit method (MPFI), which is one of the particle methods, was applied to simulate the spreading experiments. In the MPFI framework, the melting-solidification model including heat transfer, radiation heat loss, phase change, and solid fraction-dependent viscosity was developed and implemented. In addition, the difference in the spreading and solidification behavior due to the outlet diameters was reproduced in the calculation. The simulation results reveal the detailed solidification procedure during the molten metal spreading. It is found that the viscosity change and the solid fraction change during the spreading are key factors for the free surface condition and solidified materials. Overall, it is suggested that the MPFI method has the potential to simulate the actual nuclear melt-down phenomena in the future.

关键词： molten metal spreading solidification particle method severe accident fuel debris decommissioning

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Numerical study of internal flow field and flow passage improvement of an inlet particle separator

Florian PAOLI, Tong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 386-397 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0156-8

摘要： By performing gas flow field numerical simulations for several inlet Reynolds numbers (from 2 × 10 to 9 × 10 ) and byflow ratios (from 10% to 20%), the present study has proposed to improve the flow passage of an inlet particle separator. An adjacent objective of the study is to lower pressure losses of the inlet particle separator (IPS). No particle has been included in the gas flow for a -epsilon turbulence model. The velocity distribution in different sections and the pressure coefficient along the duct have been analyzed, which indicates that there exist important low-velocity regions and vortices in the separation area. Therefore, the profile of streamlines along the original passage has been considered. This profile illustrated a vacuum region in the same area. All investigations suggest that the separation area is the most critical one for fulfilling the objective on pressure losses limitation. Then the flow passage improvement method has focused on the separation area. An improved shape has been designed in order to suit smoothly to the streamlines in this region. Similar numerical studies as those for the original shape have been conducted on this improved shape, confirming some considerable enhancements compared with the original shape. The significant vortices which appear in the original shape reduce in amount and size. Besides, pressure losses are greatly decreased in both outlets (up to 30% for high Reynolds number) and the flow is uniform at the main outlet. Subsequent engineering surveys could rely on expressions obtained for in both outlets which extend the pressure losses for a wide range of inlet Reynolds numbers. As a result, the numerical calculations demonstrate that the flow passage improvement method applied in this study has succeeded in designing a shape which enhances the flow behavior.

关键词： streamlines pressure losses flow passage improvement inlet particle separator (IPS)

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基于图像处理的超高速撞击碎片云的动态建模与损伤估计 Research Article

曾入,宋燕,吕伟臻

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第4期页码 555-570 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100049

摘要：由于难以从实验中获得高质量碎片云图像，对薄板上超高速撞击产生的碎片云进行轨迹建模和有效损伤估计一直是一项具有挑战性的任务。为提高超高速撞击对典型双层板防护结构损伤的估计精度，本文结合传统数值分析结果，利用图像处理技术，研究了连续阴影图中碎片云的分布特征。本文的目标是从图像处理获取的阴影图中提取碎片云的目标运动参数，并构建轨迹模型用来估计损伤。在超高速撞击实验中，我们从超高速序列激光阴影成像设备中获得8个连续阴影图片帧，从中选择4个具有代表性的帧用于后续特征分析。然后，利用去噪和分割等图像处理技术，从连续图像帧中提取特殊碎片特征。在提取的信息基础上，进行碎片图像匹配，并根据匹配的碎片对碎片云的轨迹进行建模。本文方法获得的结果与传统数值推导结果的对比表明，从图像处理中获取超高速撞击实验数据的方法可以为改进数值模拟方法提供关键信息。最后，基于所构建的模型，提出一种改进的后壁损伤估计方法。估计的损坏与后墙实际损坏情况的对比证明了所提模型的有效性。

关键词：碎片云；超高速撞击；图像处理；损伤估计

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物质流分析的跟踪观察法

陆钟武

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第1期页码 18-25

摘要：

流动，是物质（如铜、铝等）流动和流体流动二者所具有的基本特征，基于这个论点，简要地回顾了流体力学中研究流体流动的两种方法，即拉格朗日法和欧拉法；相应地提出了物质流分析的两种方法，即跟踪观察法和定点观察法。由于前者在文献中未见报道，因此对它进行了重点说明。强调了物质流的跟踪观察法既适用于稳态物质流（产品产量不变），也适用于非稳态物质流（产品产量增长或下降）。以钢铁产品生命周期的铁流图为例，说明了物质流的跟踪模型。在引入了物质流的非稳度后，提出了物质流各项指标的计算式，以及它们之间的相互关系。以瑞典铅酸电池系统为对象，计算了其中铅流的各项指标，并进行了必要的分析。

关键词：物质流的研究方法物质流的跟踪观察法物质流的基本公式物质流的非稳度

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UPFC setting to avoid active power flow loop considering wind power uncertainty

Shenghu LI, Ting WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 165-175 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0686-z

摘要： The active power loop flow (APLF) may be caused by impropriate network configuration, impropriate parameter settings, and/or stochastic bus powers. The power flow controllers, e.g., the unified power flow controller (UPFC), may be the reason and the solution to the loop flows. In this paper, the critical existence condition of the APLF is newly integrated into the simultaneous power flow model for the system and UPFC. Compared with the existing method of alternatively solving the simultaneous power flow and sensitivity-based approaching to the critical existing condition, the integrated power flow needs less iterations and calculation time. Besides, with wind power fluctuation, the interval power flow (IPF) is introduced into the integrated power flow, and solved with the affine Krawcyzk iteration to make sure that the range of active power setting of the UPFC not yielding the APLF. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, the IPF has the similar accuracy but less time.

关键词： active power loop flow (APLF) unified power flow controller (UPFC) wind power uncertainty interval power flow (IPF)

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A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1800-y

摘要：

● A spindle-shaped influent chamber was designed and equipped in FCDI system.

关键词： Spindle-shaped chamber Desalination performance Flow electrode capacitive deionization

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Simulation of horizontal slug-flow pneumatic conveying with kinetic theory

GU Zhengmeng, GUO Liejin

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 336-340 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0050-6

摘要： Wavelike slug-flow is a representative flow type in horizontal pneumatic conveying. Kinetic theory was introduced to establish a 3D kinetic numerical model for wavelike slug gas-solid flow in this paper. Wavelike motion of particulate slugs in horizontal pipes was numerically investigated. The formation and motion process of slugs and settled layer were simulated. The characteristics of the flow, such as pressure drop, air velocity distribution, slug length and settled layer thickness, and the detailed changing characteristics of slug length and settled layer thickness with air velocity were obtained. The results indicate that kinetic theory can represent the physical characteristics of the non-suspension dense phase flow of wavelike slug pneumatic conveying. The experiment in this paper introduced a new idea for the numerical calculation of slug-flow pneumatic conveying.

关键词： velocity distribution detailed slug-flow gas-solid theory

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Characterization and comparison of organic functional groups effects on electrolyte performance for vanadium redox flow

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1221-1230 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2298-8

摘要： The vanadium redox flow battery with a safe and capacity-controllable large-scale energy storage system offers a new method for the sustainability. In this case, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, amino methane sulfonic acid, and taurine are used to overcome the low electrolyte energy density and stability limitations, as well as to investigate the effects of various organic functional groups on the vanadium redox flow battery. When compared to the pristine electrolyte (0.22 Ah, 5.0 Wh·L^–1, 85.0%), the results show that taurine has the advantage of maintaining vanadium ion concentrations, discharge capacity (1.43 Ah), energy density (33.9 Wh·L^–1), and energy efficiency (90.5%) even after several cycles. The acetic acid electrolyte is more conducive to the low-temperature stability of the V(II) electrolyte (177 h at −25 °C) than pristine (82 h at −2 °C). The –SO₃H group, specifically the coaction of the –NH₂ and –SO₃H groups, improves electrolyte stability. The –NH₂ and –COOH additive groups improved conductivity and electrochemical activity.

关键词： vanadium redox flow battery functional groups organic additives energy density stability

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压水堆熔融物堆内滞留策略：历史回顾与研究展望 Review

马卫民,元一单,Bal Raj Sehgal

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 103-111 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.019

摘要：

本文对广泛应用于第三代压水堆的严重事故缓解措施——熔融物堆内滞留(IVR)进行了历史回顾。IVR策略最早源自于第二代反应堆Lovissa VVER-440的改进设计，以应对堆芯熔化事故。随后，IVR策略被应用于许多新设计的反应堆，如西屋的AP1000、韩国的APR1400以及中国的先进压水堆CAP1400和华龙一号。对IVR策略有效性影响最大的因素分别为堆内堆芯熔化进程、熔融物加载于压力容器壁面的热流密度和压力容器外部冷却。对于堆芯熔化进程，过去人们一直仅关注压力容器下腔室内熔池的换热行为。但通过回顾与分析，本文认为堆内的其他现象，如堆芯的降级和迁移、碎片床的形成及其可冷却性以及熔池的动态形成过程等，可能也会对熔池的最终状态及其作用于下封头的热负荷产生影响。通过对相关研究的回顾，本文希望找出IVR策略的研究中有待完善的部分，并据目前发展水平提出未来IVR研究的需求。

关键词：压水堆严重事故熔融物堆内滞留碎片床形成碎片床再熔化熔池形成熔池热工水力学临界热流密度

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Experimental study on combined buoyant-thermocapillary flow along with rising liquid film on the surface

Manuel J. GOMES, Ning MEI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 114-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0483-5

摘要： Temperature distribution and variation with time has been considered in the analysis of the influences of the initial level of immersion of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the liquid on combined buoyant and thermo-capillary flow. The combined flow occurs along with the rising liquid film flow on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube. Three different levels of immersion of the metallic mesh tube in the liquid have been tested. Experiments of 60 min in duration have been performed using a heating metallic tube with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 110 mm, sealed outside with a metallic mesh of 178 mm by 178 mm, and distilled water. These reveal two distinct flow patterns. Thermocouples and infrared thermal imager are utilized to measure the temperature. The level of the liquid free surface relative to the lower edge of the tube is measured as angle . The results show that for a smaller angle, or a low level of immersion, with a relatively low heating power, it is possible to near fully combine the upwards buoyant flow with the rising liquid film flow. In this case, the liquid is heated only in the vicinity of the tube, while the liquid away from the flow region experiences small changes in temperature and the system approaches steady conditions. For larger angles, or higher levels of immersion, a different flow pattern is noticed on the liquid free surface and identified as the thermo-capillary (Marangoni) flow. The rising liquid film is also present. The higher levels of immersion cause a high temperature gradient in the liquid free surface region and promote thermal stratification; therefore the system could not approach steady conditions.

关键词： rising liquid film combined flow thermo-capillary flow buoyant flow metallic mesh tube horizontal tube

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Comparison of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of down-flow and up-flow biological activated carbon

Lu Ao, Wenjun Liu, Yang Qiao, Cuiping Li, Xiaomao Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1046-7

摘要：

The UF membrane fouling by down- and up-flow BAC effluents were compared.

Up-flow BAC effluent fouled the membrane faster than down-flow BAC effluent.

The combined effects dominated irreversible fouling.

The extent of fouling exacerbated by inorganic particles was higher.

关键词： Ultrafiltration Membrane fouling Down-flow biological activated carbon Up-flow biological activated carbon Particles Polysaccharide

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Burnett simulations of gas flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Fubing BAO, Jianzhong LIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 252-263 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0037-6

摘要： In micro- and nanoscale gas flows, the flow falls into the transition flow regime. There are not enough molecule collisions and the gas deviates from the equilibrium. The Navier-Stokes equations fail to describe the gas flow in this regime. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method converges slowly and requires lots of computational time. As a result, the high-order Burnett equations are used to study the gas flow and heat transfer characteristics in micro- and nanoscale gas flows in this paper. The Burnett equations are first reviewed, and the augmented Burnett equations with high-order slip boundary conditions are then used to model the gas flow and heat transfer in Couette and Poiseuille flows in the transition regime.

关键词： micro- and nanoscale gas flow slip-transition flow regime Burnett equations numerical simulation